Bunions (Hallux Valgus)
Bunions. A bunion (aka hallux valgus or hallux abducto valgus) is often described as a bump on the side of the big toe or the small toe. This bump is actually maligned bone that causes widening (see the horizontal line above) of the middle of the foot and drifting of the toes. The big toe leans toward the second toe often causing the lesser digits to become contracted (hammertoes). This is a progressive disorder usually getting worse with time. This causes change in the alignment of bones which can cause increased wear and tear on joints (arthritis) causing limitation on range of motion. Many people may unnecessarily suffer the pain of bunions for years before seeking treatment because they have been told there is nothing that can be done. This is untrue.
Causes
Bunions are most often caused by an inherited faulty mechanical structure of the foot, but they can be influenced by shoegear. Anything causing faulty foot function including genetics, and shoe gear can cause bunion formation or progression.
Symptoms
Symptoms, which occur at the site of the bunion, may include: Redness, pain, soreness, inflammation, burning sensation, possible numbness, blistering, and limitation of motion are common symptoms. Symptoms are often felt in normal or narrow width shoes especially in the toe box area.
Diagnosis
Bunions are readily visible by the prominence of the big toe or side of the foot. Xrays however are helpful to fully evaluate the condition and the degree of damage caused.
Because bunions are progressive, usually getting worse over time. They may progress at different rates. After evaluation by your doctor a detailed plan can be established.
Non-Surgical Treatment
Changes in shoewear. Shoes that have a wide toe box will help decrease pressure to the affected area. Padding placed over the area of the bunion can help minimize discomfort. Change in activities that causes bunion pain, including standing for long periods of time. Medications including Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation. Icing several times a day helps reduce inflammation and pain. Injections of corticosteroids may be useful in treating the inflamed bursa (fluid-filled sac located around a joint) sometimes seen with bunions. Orthotic devices may be provided by the foot and ankle surgeon.
When Is Surgery Needed?
If non-surgical treatments fail to relieve pain and symptoms, surgery can be helpful. There are many different procedures to address bunion pain/symptoms. Your doctor will be able to help you decide which procedure will be of the greatest benefit to you.
Causes
Bunions are most often caused by an inherited faulty mechanical structure of the foot, but they can be influenced by shoegear. Anything causing faulty foot function including genetics, and shoe gear can cause bunion formation or progression.
Symptoms
Symptoms, which occur at the site of the bunion, may include: Redness, pain, soreness, inflammation, burning sensation, possible numbness, blistering, and limitation of motion are common symptoms. Symptoms are often felt in normal or narrow width shoes especially in the toe box area.
Diagnosis
Bunions are readily visible by the prominence of the big toe or side of the foot. Xrays however are helpful to fully evaluate the condition and the degree of damage caused.
Because bunions are progressive, usually getting worse over time. They may progress at different rates. After evaluation by your doctor a detailed plan can be established.
Non-Surgical Treatment
Changes in shoewear. Shoes that have a wide toe box will help decrease pressure to the affected area. Padding placed over the area of the bunion can help minimize discomfort. Change in activities that causes bunion pain, including standing for long periods of time. Medications including Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, may be recommended to reduce pain and inflammation. Icing several times a day helps reduce inflammation and pain. Injections of corticosteroids may be useful in treating the inflamed bursa (fluid-filled sac located around a joint) sometimes seen with bunions. Orthotic devices may be provided by the foot and ankle surgeon.
When Is Surgery Needed?
If non-surgical treatments fail to relieve pain and symptoms, surgery can be helpful. There are many different procedures to address bunion pain/symptoms. Your doctor will be able to help you decide which procedure will be of the greatest benefit to you.